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Aim To investigate the skeletal effects of ginseng flower bud(GF)on osteopenia induced by D-galactose using histomorphometry and biomechanical properties.Methods Fifty three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups.Rats in NS group(NS)were treated with NS(5 mL·kg-1·d-1)by subcutaneous injection and daily oral gavage with vehicle as control.Rats in the other four groups were given D-galactose at the dose of 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 by subcutaneous injection.Solvent control was performed between NS and DG: gastric irrigation with distilled water of 10 mL·kg-1·d-1.Other groups were: CP was gastric irrigated with integrated medicine(stanozolol 0.54 mg·kg-1·d-1+piracetam 432 mg·kg-1·d-1),GF(L)with ginseng flower bud of 0.486 g·kg-1·d-1 and GF(H)with ginseng flower bud of 2.43 g·kg-1·d-1 for 14 weeks.The longitudinal proximal tibial metaphyseal(PTM),the fifth lumbar vertebral body(LVB)and tibial shaft(Tx)sections were performed undecalcifiedly and used for bone histomorphometric analysis.858 Mini Bionix materials testing system was used to analyze the biomechanic properties of right femur via three-point bending test.The left femur was dried and assimilated,whose bone calcium(Ca),phosphate(P)content and bone hydroxyproline content were tested.Results Compared with D-glagatose group,in PTM of D-galactose treated rats,the％Tb.Ar was increased both in GF(L)and GF(H)treated groups.While the Tb.Sp was decreased.％Oc.S.Pm and Oc.N/mm decreased in GF(L),and those in GF(H)were decreased as well.In Tx,％Ct.Ar was raised,while％Ma.Ar was decreased in GF(L)and GF(H).The elastic load of femur was increased.Conclusions Compared with DG group,there are significant differences in bone histomorphometry of Tx and PTM in all doses of GF,but no significant changes are detected in hydroxyproline,Ca,and P content of femur.
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Aim To investigate the effects of predni-sone on trabecular microstructure and biomechanical properties of femur in a rat model of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA ) using micro-CT and biome-chanics.Methods Forty 8-week-old male Lewis rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:control (CON ) group with 6 rats,and the remaining 34 rats were used to establish the CIA model.3 weeks after immunization screening CIA rats were randomly divided into CIA group,CIA plus prednisone 4.5 mg · kg-1 · d -1 group and CIA plus prednisone 9 mg · kg-1 · d -1 group.Rats in CON group were given vehicle as well as in CIA group.Rats in the other two groups were treated with prednisone at 4.5 mg·kg-1 ·d -1 or 9 mg ·kg-1 · d -1 .After 90 days treatment,all rats were euthanized,and the left femur was collected for biome-chanics,micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional re-construction.Results Micro-CT data showed that tra-becular thickness,trabecular number,bone volume/total volume,bone mineral density in CIA group were significantly lower than those in CON group.While tra-becular separation,structure model index were signifi-cantly higher than those in CON group.Compared with CON group,biomechanical properties (elastic load, maximum load,break load and stiffness)were signifi-cantly decreased in CIA group.Compared with CIA group,bone volume/total volume and trabecular num-ber were increased,while trabecular separation was significantly decreased in two prednisone groups.Com-pared with CIA group,there was no significant change in biomechanical properties in two prednisone groups. Conclusions Treatment with prednisone for 3 months can ameliorate the damage of trabecular microstructure of the femur in CIA rats,but it has no effect on biome-chanical properties and bone mineral density.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of berberine on differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to adipocytes and its mechanism. METHODS Rat MSCs were isolated and cultured, adipocytic differentiation was induced with adipogenesis-inducing medium (AIM). Cells were assigned into 6 groups:normal control, AIM group, AIM+berberine 0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 μmol·L-1 groups, respectively. Morphology characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells were observed under an inverted microscope and adipocyte levels were analyzed by oil O staining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate. The cell survival was determined by MTT assay. Expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), fatty acid binding protein (aP2) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) mRNA were detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, MSCs adipogenic differentiation, PPARγ, aP2 and C/EBPα mRNA expression significantly increased in AIM group (P<0.01), ALP activity in AIM group significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with AIM group, berberine inhibited MSCs adipogenic differentiation (P<0.01) and berberine 0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 μmol·L-1 increased ALP activity by 26%, 54%, 81% and 122%, respectively. Berberine 3 μmol·L-1 significantly downregulated PPARγ expression (0.91±0.10 vs 1.34±0.06) (P<0.01), aP2 (1.05±0.10 vs 1.53±0.09) (P<0.01) and C/EBPα mRNA (1.24±0.06 vs 1.54±0.09) (P<0.01). Berberine had no effect on proliferation of MSCs. CONCLUSION Berberine inhibits differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes, which might be closely related to the downregulation of PPARγ, aP2 and C/EBPα mRNA.
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Aim To investigate the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on induction osteroporosis model rats andpreventive effects of Danshengubao.Methods 4-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were given RA at 70 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) and were given Danshengubao at different doses at the same time.All rats were treated by oral gavaged for 28 days.The static and dynamic parameters in cancellous bone of the fifth lumbar vertebrae (LV5) were examined and the dynamic changes of the tibial shaft (Tx) were observed with histomorphometrical analyses; the forth lumbar vertebrae (LV4) was used to perform the compression test.Results Compared with control group, biomechanical properties of LV4, the static parameters ( total tissue area, trabecular area, trabecular perimeter) and the dynamic parameters of LV5 were significantly decreased in RA group.Compared with control group, bone formation of Tx was decreased in periosteal surfaces but enhanced in endocortical surfaces in RA group.Compared with RA group, the biomechanical properties of LV4 were increased significantly in low and medium dose of Danshengubao groups.Conclusion sRA can decrease the size and the biomechanical properties of LV, but it can not change the percentage trabecular area. The mechanism may be related to the act that RA can inhibit cancellous bone formation, decrease the modeling of cortical bone in periosteal surfaces and enhance the remolding of cortical bone in endocortical surfaces. Danshengubao can improve biomechanics of LV induced by RA in rats.
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This investigation was directed to the effects of DanShenGuBao on biomechanical properties and bone mineral density (BMD) of femur induced by retinoic acid (RA) in rats. Forty 4-month-old virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(8 rats each) control group, RA group and different doses of DanShenGuBao groups. Rats in control group were given vehicle, rats in other four groups were given RA at 70 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) in the morning and given different drugs in the afternoon at the same time. Rats in RA group were given vehicle, rats in other groups were given different doses of DanShenGuBao which contained 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), 5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), 2.5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) tanshinol, respectively. All of rats were treated at 5 ml x kg(-1) by oral gavaged for 28 days. In preparation for the determination of dynamic changes in bone tissues, all rats were given subcutaneous injections of 30 mg x kg(-1) tetracycline on the 14th, 13th day and 5 mg x kg(-1) calcein on the 4th, 3rd day before death. At the experimental endpoint, the rats were sacrificed by cardiac puncture under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Physical parameters, BMD and biomechanical properties of femur were assessed. Compared with those in control group, the physical parameters (cross-sectional diameter, wet and dry weight), BMD and biomechanical properties (max-load, elasticity-load, break-strain, rigid coefficient and bending-energe) were significantly decreased in RA group. Compared with that in RA group, the BMD of femur was increased significantly in medium and high dose of DanShenGuBao group, but there was no significant change in physical parameters and biomechanical properties of femur. RA could decrease the physical parameters, BMD and biomechanical properties of femur. DanShenGuBao could increase BMD, but it was found with no obvious effect on physical parameters and biomechanical properties.
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Animals , Female , Rats , Absorptiometry, Photon , Biomechanical Phenomena , Bone Density , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Femur , Diagnostic Imaging , Osteoporosis , Drug Therapy , Phytotherapy , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Chemistry , TretinoinABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Prevention of male osteoporosis is attracting more and more attention. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of etidronate disodium on different skeletal sites by using bone histomorphometry through establishing a castrated rat model of osteoporosis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A completely randomized grouping controlled animal experiment was performed in the Animal Experimental Center and Department of Bone Biology Laboratory, Guangdong Medical College between October 2002 and September 2006. MATERIALS: Forty 3.5-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing (299+_22) g, were selected. Etidronate disodium was produced by Chengdu Chemical Pharmaceutical Factory with the batch number of 970101. Methyltestosterone was produced by Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Jacob with the batch number of 990701. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, sham operation group, castration group, castration with methyltestosterone group and castration with etidronate disodium group, eight rats in each group. Rats in the control group were sacrificed at the beginning of the study. Rats in the sham operation group underwent skin incision to expose the testis, but not removed. The remaining rats were treated to remove the testis by the method reported in the literature. Rats in the sham operation group and castration group were given normal saline, rats in the castration with methyltestosterone group were given methyltestosterone at 1.8mg/kg/d, rats in the castration with etidronate disodium group were given etidronate disodium at 36mg/kg/d. All of the rats were treated with intragastric administration at 5mL/kg for 90 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bone histomorphometric analysis of the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM), tibial shaft (Tx) and the fifth lumbar vertebral body (LVB) were performed in undecalcified sections. RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, trabecular area percentage (%Tb.Ar), trabecular number (Tb.N) or trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of PTM and LVB in the castration group were decreased (P < 0.05 and 0.01 ), while trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), percent labeled perimeter (%L.Pm), bone formation rate (BFR/BV) and osteoclast number per mm (Oc.N) were increased (P < 0.05 and 0.01 ). Tb.Ar of PTM and LVB were increased both in the etidronate disodium group and in the methyltestosterone group compared to those of the castration group, while bone formation indices and bone resorption perimeter were decreased. There was no significant difference between the etidronate disodium and methyltestosterone groups, and no significant change was in Tx in all groups. CONCLUSION: Etidronate disodium can prevent the cancellous bone loss of PTM and LVB in castrated rats, but has no effects on the cortical bone of Tx.
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AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of paeonol on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. METHODS The injury model in PC12 cells was generated by H2O2 treatment. The cell viability was determined using methylthiazolyl tetrazolium reduction assay. Apoptotic cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content were measured by spectroscope respectively. RESULTS After PC12 cells were treated with H2O2 (100 μmol*L-1) for 10 h,its viability obviously decreased, and apoptotic cells, LDH release into the culture media, ROS and MDA contents in PC12 cells significantly increased. When the cells were pretreated with paeonol (12, 25 and 50 μmol*L-1)for 1 h prior to incubation with H2O2, its viability was greatly increased, and apoptotic cells, LDH release, ROS and MDA contents significantly decreased. CONCLUSION Paeonol protects PC12 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis and this effect is probably achieved through its antioxidative action.
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0.05). CONCLUSION: Fufang Danshen can promote the medial period of fracture healing in rabbits, and its effect is identical with Shangke Jiegu Pian.
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BACKGROUND: Long-term large dose application of glucocorticoid can cause osseous loss and even femoral head necrosis,which is one of the reasons of pharmaceutical damages. Researches on its intervention have practical significance.OBJECTIVE: To study the osteoporosis induced by long-term large dose administration of glucocorticoid, and investigate the preventive effects of compound danshen(CD) in male rats.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled study by employing experimental animals as subjectsSETTING: An Experimental Animal Center, a Central Laboratory and an Institute of Pharmacology of a Medical CollegePARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in the Experimental Animal Center, the Central Laboratory and the Institute of Pharmacology of Guangdong Medical College between 2002 and 2003. Totally 40 SD rats were employed.INTERVENTION: SD rats were treated with prednisone(2.7 mg/kg per day) by oral gavages and CD including danshen huangqi , baishu and yinyanghuo at dose of 2.5 g/kg per day,5.0 g/kg per day or 10.0 g/kg per day respectively,once a day for 12 weeks. At the experimental endpoint,the impacts of long term large dose (beyond physiologic dose) application of glucocorticoid on bone metabolism and the preventive effects of CD were observed through the measurement of the static and dynamic indicators for bone growth in un-decalcified superior tibia,the detection of Ca2 + and hydroxyproline contents in ulna,and the length and width of thighbone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Principal consequences: the impacts of CD on quantitative static and dynamic parameters of osseous morphology in rats with prednisone-induced osteoporosis; Secondary consequences: the comparison of the impacts of CD on bone biochemical indictors and femoral physical indicators in rats with prednisone-induced osteoporosis.RESULTS: In glucocorticoid control group (GC group),bone mass significantly decreased(P<0. 01); as indicated by bone morphological indicators,the number of bone trabecula[(1.98±0.20) / mm]and the percentage of bone trabecular size [(8.83 ±0.98)%] significantly reduced; the ratio of osteogenesis rate at bone surface (8.91±3.97) /neogenesis bone trabacular size to total bone trabecular size(332. 8±142.5)/neogenesis bone trabecular size to bone size(29.6±13.2) significantly decreased; bone absorption perimeter significantly increased(P<0. 01); osseous content in ulna reduced[ (0. 155±0. 01) g]; and femoral length[ (32.64±0.51) mn]significantly shortened (P<0. 05) . But in CD group,CD had certain preventive effects on bone injury induced by prednisone while there was no significant difference among each subgroup with different dose.CONCLUSION: Long-term application of prednisone can significantly inhibit bone growth and induce bone loss. CD has favorablepreventive effects on bone loss through its promotion of osteogenesis and inhibition of osteoclast bone resorption.
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BACKGROUND: It has been reported that a combination of estrogen and progestin has a protective synergistic effect on osteoporosis with only little side effects.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of a combination of norethisterone and ethinyl estradiol (EE) on bone mass in ovariectomized rats.DESIGN: This study was a randomized controlled experiment.SETTING:It was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology of Guangdong Medical University.MATERIALS: Twenty-four specific pathogen free (SPF) unmated SD rats were selected, aging 4 and half months and weighing 230±15 g.METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology of Guangdong Medical College from May to November 2002.These rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: pseudo-operation group, ovariectomy group and compound norethisterone group, each containing 8 rats. For the former two groups, ethanol solution (volume fraction=0.056), at a dose of 5 mL/(kg.d), was administered by gavage. While for compound norethisterone group, 60μg/(kg·d) norethisterone and 3.5μg/(kg·d) EE were given by gavage (according to the dosage for human, which was 20-35 μg EE combined with norethisterone). Duration of treatment was 90 days for all the animals. Then their tibias were removed. Employing a fullyautomatic imaging analysis system, osteoclasts and the relevant dynamic and static parameters reflecting secondary trabeculaes formation region in proximal tibias were measured. Respectively, the humeral samples were removed and employing the palsma emission spectrograph of full-spectrum direct reading, calcium content and hydroxyproline content in bone samples were measured. Meanwhile, urine calcium and hydroxyproline concentrations were examined as well.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The trabecular area (Th. Ar), trabecular thickness (TbkTh), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) and the changes in static parareters of perimeters of osteoclasts were investigated. Variance in percent labeled perimeter (L. Pm ％), mineral apposition rate (MAR) and bone formation rate (BFR/BV) were also calculated. ②Changes in serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), calcium and hydroxyproline contents in bone and urine were all measured.RESULTS: All the 24 rats entered the analysis procedure. Compared to pseudo-operation group, for the ovariectomy group, Tb. Ar and Tb.N decreased, Tb. Sp increased and osteoclast perimeter significantly increased (P＜0.01). Addtionally, the bone formation markers increased apparently with an increase in L. Pm ％ and MAR (P＜0.05) and a significant increase in BFR/BV (P＜0.01). Compared with the ovariectomy group, for the compound norethisterone group,the bone mass and the Tb.N increased, marked by an increase of 82％ in Tb. Ar and an increase of 83％ in Tb.N (P＜0.05), and the Tb.Sp decreased, marked by a decrease of 51％ (P＜0.05). Meanwhile, there was a decrease of 52.5％ in osteoblast perimeter (P＜0.01), an increase in organic bone matrix and a decrease in urine hydroxyproline (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: A combination of estrogen and progestin has a protective synergistic effect on ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis, and it is capable of increasing the organic bone matrix without significant inhibitory effects on bone formation. The experimental dosage of the compound was calculated according to the clinical dosage, 20-35 μg estrogen combined with a progestin, which will yield optimal protective effects on bone sometimes.
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This paper presents the correlative changes of cancellous bone histomorphometry, biomechanical property and bone mineral contents of lumbar vertebrae in ovariectomized rats. Forty eight 10.5-month-old female SD rats were randomized to six groups: 1) Basal: at 10.5 mon. of age; 2) sham-1: sham-operated at 13 mon. of age; 3) OVX-1: ovariectomized at 13 mon. of age; 4) sham-2: sham-operated at 16 mon. of age; 5) OVX-2: ovariectomized at 16 mon. of age; and 6) OVX-2 + EE: ovariectomized and treated with 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (100 micrograms.kg-1.d-1) starting at 13 mon. of age for 12 weeks. Double in vivo fluorochrome labeling was administered to all rats. At the end-point of study, the undecalcified longitudinal fourth lumbar vertebra (LV4) sections were cut and stained with Goldner's Trichrome for bone histomorphometric analyses. The mechanical properties of the compact fifth lumbar vertebra body (LV5) were measured with compression test, the LV5 bodies then were dried constantly with high temperature and digested with acid for testing of bone mineral content. A trend in trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of LV4, bone break load, break stress, elastic moduli and bone calcium content of LV5 to increase with the increase of age was revealed in the intact rats, but the highest value was at 13 mon. of age. A positive correlation was seen between histomophormetry and bone bio-mechanical properties in the intact rats. Compared with the data from the sham-operated rats, the BV/TV and Tb. Th significantly decreased and bone turnover rate significantly increased in OVX rats at 10 weeks, and the above parameters further decreased 22 weeks post OVX. Correspondingly, the bone break load, break stress, elastic moduli and bone calcium content significantly decreased with the increase of time post OVX was compared with those of sham-operated rats. A positive correlation between histomophormetry and bone biomechanical properties was also observed in OVX rats (r = 0.399, P = 0.018). Bone histomorphometry is good for predicting early physiological and pathological changes and bone biomechanical properties are good parameters for predicting corresponding function of bone such as fracture. Both of them are useful and needful in the animal studies on osteoporosis and related pharmacodynamic observations on new drugs.
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Animals , Female , Rats , Biomechanical Phenomena , Bone Density , Lumbar Vertebrae , Pathology , Norethynodrel , Therapeutic Uses , Osteoporosis , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Ovariectomy , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
AIM: To observe the changes of different parts of bones in rats 90 days after ovariectomized (OVX). METHODS: Twenty 4.5 month old virgin female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: sham group and OVX group. Rats in sham group were sham operated, while rats in OVX group were bilaterally OVX. Rats in two groups were treated with 5 ml?kg -1 ?d -1 ethanol for 90 days. Parameters of the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM), tibial shaft (Tx) and the fifth lumbar vertebral body (LVB) were analyzed by bone histomorphometry method. RESULTS: %Tb.Ar and Tb.N were decreased by 80.5 % and 76.1 %, Tb.Sp and Oc.N were increased by 468.0 % and 356.6 %, and MAR and BFR/BV were increased by 43.9 % and 95.9 %, respectively, in PTM. The changes in LVB were not remarkable as those in PTM. %Tb.Ar and Tb.Th were decreased by 35.0 % and 31.0 %, while Oc.N and BFR/BV were increased by 106.9 % and 126.8 %, respectively. The cortical bone and marrow areas of tibial shaft did not change in Tx, but bone formation parameters (%P LPm, %E LPm) were increased. CONCLUSION: After OVX for 90 days, high bone turnover osteopenia model is duplicated successfully in rats. Different parts of the bones have different reaction to ovariectomization in rats.
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AIM: To study the correlative changes of bone mineral contents and histomorphometry of lumbar vertebrae in ovariectomized rats by analysis of T-type correlation degree. METHODS: Forty 10.5-month-old virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) Basal: at 10.5 mon of age; (2) sham-1:sham-operated at 13 mon of age; (3) OVX-1: ovariectomized at 13 mon of age; (4) sham-2: sham-operated at 16 mon of age; (5) OVX-2:ovariectomized at 16 mon of age. After ovariectomy, all rats were treated orally with NS at 5 ml?kg -1?d -1. At the end-point of study, the undecalcified longitudinal fourth lumbar vertebra (LV4) sections were cut and stained with Goldner's Trichrome for bone histomorphometric analyses. The fifth lumbar vertebra (LV5) was dried with temperature and digested with acid for testing of bone mineral content. Then the effects of bone mineral contents on bone histomorphometry were assessed by analyzing the T-type correlation degree in the Grey system. RESULTS: All degrees of correlation between bone mineral contents and static histomorphometric parameters (trabecular bone volume) (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were positive, but for dynamic histomorphometric parameter (BFR/BV), the correlation degrees were negative. The effect of contents of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on histomorphometric parameters of lumbar vertebrae was much greater than that of the other bone mineral contents. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of T-type correlation degree can evaluate the correlative changes of bone mineral contents and histomorphometry of lumbar vertebrae in ovariectomized objectively and fairly.
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AIM: To study the effects of epimedium pubescens flavonoids (EF) on the skeleton in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Forty 4.5-month-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rats in sham group were sham-operated and treated by daily oral gavage with vehicle. Rats in other three groups were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) and treated by either daily oral gavage with vehicle, or diethylstilbestrol (DES) at 22.5 ?g?kg~ -1?d~ -1, or EF at 300 mg?kg~ -1?d~ -1 for 90 days. Bone histomorphometric analysis of the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM), fifth lumbar vertebrae (LV5) and tibial shaft (Tx) was performed in undecalcified sections. The left femur was collected to determine bone weight, contents of calcium (Ca) , phosphorus (P ) and hydroxyproline. The uterine weight and the uterine luminal epithelial thickness (ULET) were determined. RESULTS: A significant increase in contents of Ca and P of femur was found in EF group. A tendency of increase was found in %Tb.Ar of PTM, but no significant change was found in bone histomorphometric parameters of LV5 and Tx in EF group. EF had no effect on uterine weight and ULET. CONCLUSION: EF can prevent OVX-induced bone mineral loss of femur, but does not prevent bone loss of PTM and LV5.
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AIM: To study the factors that affect bone volume in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: The bone volume and factors were analyzed by the grey system theory method in ovariectomized rats. RESULTS: Serum estradiol was the most important factor for the bone volume, followed by the bone contents of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Serum calcium, phosphorus and the bone contents of hydroxyproline were the less important factors for the bone volume. CONCLUSION: Serum estradiol and bone contents of calcium are the most important factors that affect bone volume in ovariectomized rats.KEY WOLDS grey correlative analysis; bone volume; factors; ovariectomized rats; osteoporosis
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AIM: To study the effects of Ginseng fiber on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl 4 in mice. METHODS: Forty PCR Mice were randomly divided into 4 the control group, the NS group, the colchicine group and the Ginseng fiber groups. Rats in control group were treated by daily oral gavage with vehicle. Rats in other three groups were given SC injection of 40% CCl 4 10 ml?kg -1 and treated by either daily oral gavage with vehicle, or colchicine at 0.1 ml?kg -1, or Ginseng fiber at 10 g?kg -1 for 42 d. The liver injury indexes were measured. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the serum enzymes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic acid aminotransferase(AST) were markedly increased but serum albumin (Alb) and A/G were decreased distinctly in CCl 4 group whose liver slides also showed typical liver cirrhosis. Ginseng fiber markedly prevented CCl 4-induced increases in liver weight, serum ALT and TP. Ginseng fiber lightened the hepatic pathological necrosis resulting from CCl 4. The preventive effect of Ginseng fiber was identical to that of colchicine. CONCLUSION: Ginseng fiber can prevent hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl 4 in mice.
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Aim To investigate the preventive effects of misoprostol on osteoporosis in aged ovariectomized(OVX)rats.Methods Female,10-month-old SD rats were ovariectomized(OVX)and,2 months later,were treated with misoprostol or controls for 2 months.The static and dynamic parameters in trabecular bone of the forth lumbar vertebrae(LV4)were examined with histomorphometrical analyses;the fifth lumbar vertebrae(LV5)was used to perform the compression test.Results Compared with the data from the sham-operated rats,the percent trabecular area and elastic modulus significantly decreased in OVX rats.Correspondingly,the bone break load and break stress decreased of post OVX was compared with those of sham-operated rats.Misoprostol increased the percent trabecular area by 21.6% compared with OVX rats,but it couldn't meet the statistical significance.Misoprostol enhanced the break load and elastic modulus compared with OVX rats.Conclusion Misoprostol can improve biomechanics of bone in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats.
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AIM To determine whether norethisterone in combination with ethinylestradiol can completely prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats at the age of 4.5 months were sham-operated and treated orally with vehicle, or ovariectomized (OVX) and treated orally with either vehicle or combined norethisterone (norethisterone at 60 ?g?kg -1?d -1 and ethinylestradiol at 3.5 ?g?kg -1?d -1) for 90 days. Double in vivo fluorochrome labeling was administrated. The undecalcified longitudinal proximal tibial metaphyseal sections were used for the bone histomorphometric analysis. The humerus and urine calcium contents were assayed by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. The humerus and urine hydroxyproline contents were assayed by colorimetry. Blood serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were tested by BECKMAN auto bio-chemistry analyzer. RESULTS After 90 days post OVX the cancellous bone mass and showed high bone turnover indices. Bone hydroxyproline contents were lost markedly. The ALP activity increased. The urine hydroxyproline contents increased significantly. The combined norethisterone treated group prevented bone lost when compared with OVX. The combined norethisterone were shown to inhibit osteoclasts surface and decrese bone turnover rate. The combined norethisterone can increase hydroxyproline contents and reduce urine hydroxyproline contents significantly from OVX group. CONCLUSION Combining norethisterone can prevent OVX-induced cancellous bone loss in rats.
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AIM: To study the relationship between hepatic fibrosis and osteoporosis, and observe the preventive effects of ginseng fiber on bone loss. METHODS: Forty PCR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. The mice in control group were treated by daily oral gavage with vehicle. The mice in other three groups were given SC injection of 40% CCl_4 10 ml?kg -1 and treated by either daily oral gavage with vehicle, colchicine, or ginsen hair for 42 d. The liver injury indexes were measured and the mineral elements and hydroxyproline of femur were determined. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the serum enzyme activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic acid aminotransferase (AST) markedly increased and serum albumin (Alb) and A/G distinctly decreased in CCl_4 group whose liver slides also showed typical liver cirrhosis. The dried weight of femur markedly reduced and the bone calcium content and bone hydroxyproline content significantly decreased in CCl_4 group. Bone copper and bone magnesium increased in CCl_4 group. Ginseng fiber markedly decreased the serum enzyme activity of ALT and increased the bone calcium content and bone hydroxyproline content. The preventive effects of ginseng fiber was similar to that of colchicine. CONCLUSION: The bone mass is lost in mice with chronic hepatic injury induced by CCl_4. Ginseng fiber can prevent bone loss and hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl_4 in mice.
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AIM: To observe the changes of bone in female Sprague Dawley rats aged 4.5 and 7.5 months. METHODS: Forty 4 month old virgin female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4.5 month group and 7.5 month group. Bone histomorphometric analysis of the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM), tibial shaft (Tx) and the fifth lumbar vertebral body (LV5) was performed in undecalcified sections. RESULTS: There was no significant change in bone volume of PTM, LV5 and Tx between 4.5 and 7.5 months of age. However, the bone formation parameters (%L.Pm, MAR, BFR/TV, BFR/BV, BFR/BS) of LV5 and Tx fall rapidly between 4.5 and 7.5 months of age. CONCLUSION: There is no significant change in cancellous and cortical bone mass, but the bone formation of LV5 and Tx decreases in female Sprague Dawley rats aged from 4.5 to 7.5 months.